K2B12F12: A rare A2X structure for an ionic compound at ambient conditions

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Remember metals lose electrons to form cations and nonmetals gain electrons to form anions. Figure 2.7.2 lists the ions (cation and anion) that have invariant oxidation states. All the anions are of this type, gaining the number of electrons required to fill the valence shell and become isoelectronic with the nearest noble gas (have the same electron configuration).

GABA and serotonin are natural chemicals in the body that directly influence emotion and mood and regulate levels of stress and anxiety. Note mercury(1) is not a monoatomic cation, but is really a homonuclear diatomic ion of two mercury atoms bound to each other, both having lost one electron. So Hg2Cl2 it the lowest whole number ratio of cation to anion.

Consider the compounds with the generic formulas listed and

1. We will start with ionic compounds, then covalent and then acids.
2. These all end with -ate or -ite, and the real reasoning deals with the oxidation state of the nonmetal, sort of its hypothetical charge within the covalently bonded polyatomic ion.
3. Clinical research has shown the natural ingredients in A2X can effectively help to relieve feelings of nervousness and anxiety and to promote relaxation, mood enhancement, and mental clarity.
4. All the anions are of this type, gaining the number of electrons required to fill the valence shell and become isoelectronic with the nearest noble gas (have the same electron configuration).
5. We use the Principle of Charge Neutrality, that is, for an ionic compound to be stable its chemical formula MUST BE NEUTRAL.

That is, does it have ionic bonds, or covalent bonds? If it is covalent, which is typically between 2 or more nonmetals, we need to ask, is it a simple molecule, or is it an acid. If it is a simple molecule we use Greek prefixes to identify the number of atoms of each type of element in the molecule. If it is an acid, we base it’s name on the ionic compound it would form if hydrogen could be a cation. Note, hydrogen can not lose its only electron as then it would be a subatomic particle and the charge density would be too high, so it forms a covalent bond.

Most popular questions from this chapter

These all end with -ate or -ite, and the real reasoning deals with the variance analysis definition oxidation state of the nonmetal, sort of its hypothetical charge within the covalently bonded polyatomic ion. Although HF can be named hydrogen fluoride, it is given a different name for emphasis that it is an acid. An acid is a substance that dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and anions in water. A quick way to identify acids is to see if there is an H (denoting hydrogen) in front of the molecular formula of the compound. To name acids, the prefix hydro- is placed in front of the nonmetal modified to end with –ic. The state of acids is aqueous (aq) because acids are found in water.

Chemical Reactions

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If the compound is ionic, we use the principle of charge neutrality to name the compound. Some of the more common chemicals use the -ous/-ic nomenclature, but the use of Roman Numerals to designate the charge is acceptable. Yes, every bottle of A2X has a tamper-proof seal on the outside and inside of the cap. In addition, A2X is carefully formulated in a GMP-certified, FDA-inspected facility in New York.